Úvod
Zápor mění kladnou větu v zápornou. V angličtině se zápor většinou tvoří pomocí not ve spojení s pomocným slovesem.
Podmět+pomocné sloveso+not+sloveso
- I do not like coffee.
- She is not coming.
- They have not arrived.
Stažené tvary
V mluvené řeči a neformálním psaném projevu se not obvykle stahuje a připojuje k pomocnému slovesu.
| Plný tvar | Stažený tvar |
|---|---|
| do not | don't |
| does not | doesn't |
| is not / are not | isn't / aren't |
| cannot | can't |
| will not | won't |
| have not / has not | haven't / hasn't |
| am not | 'm not (I'm not) – standardní amn't neexistuje |
Záporná slova kromě not
Angličtina má také záporná slova, která nesou zápor sama o sobě, bez not: never, no, nobody, nothing, nowhere, neither.
- I have never been there.
- Nobody called.
- There is nothing to do.
Časté chyby
- I don't have no money.I don't have any money.avoid double negatives
- She don't like it.She doesn't like it.subject-verb agreement
Cvičení
do not = ___
Which sentence avoids a double negative?
Which sentence is correct?
Which word carries negation on its own, without needing 'not'?
cannot = ___
will not = ___
is not / are not = ___
have not / has not = ___
Which negative word means 'no place'?
Which negative word means 'no thing'?
I ___ like coffee.
___ you like the film? I thought you loved it!
I have ___ money.
I ___ ready yet.
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