Introduktion
Orddannelse betyder at danne nye ord ud fra eksisterende med forstavelser (prefixes, sættes foran) og endelser (suffixes, sættes bagved). Når du kender de almindelige, kan du ofte regne et nyt ord ud fra dets dele.
| Proces | Beskrivelse | Eksempel |
|---|---|---|
| Præfiks | Sættes foran, ændrer betydningen | happy unhappy |
| Suffiks | Sættes bagtil, ændrer ofte ordklassen | happy happiness (adj. substantiv) |
| Sammensætning | To ord sat sammen til ét | sun + light sunlight |
| Konvertering | Samme ord brugt som anden ordklasse | email (substantiv) to email (verbum) |
Almindelige forstavelser
Forstavelser ændrer som regel et ords betydning, men ikke dets ordklasse. Nogle få kan: en-/em- og be- danner ofte verber (large enlarge, friend befriend).
| Præfiks | Betydning | Eksempler |
|---|---|---|
| un- | ikke / omvendt handling | unhappy, undo, unclear, unusual |
| re- | igen | redo, rewrite, revisit, restart |
| dis- | ikke / modsat | disagree, dishonest, disappear |
| mis- | forkert | misunderstand, misspell, mislead |
| pre- | before | preview, preorder, prehistoric |
| over- | for meget / over | overcook, overwork, overpriced - and overhead (oven over) |
| under- | for lidt / under | underestimate, underpaid |
| inter- | between | international, interact, interview |
| anti- | imod | antibiotic, antisocial, antiwar |
| semi- | half | semicircle, semifinal, semicolon |
Almindelige endelser efter ordklasse
Endelser ændrer typisk grundordets ordklasse (word class).
| Dannet ordklasse | Almindelige suffikser | Eksempler |
|---|---|---|
| Substantiver | -ness, -tion/-sion, -ment, -ity, -er/-or | sad sadness, develop development, act actor (fuld liste: Abstract and Concrete Nouns) |
| Adjektiver | -ful, -less, -able/-ible, -ous, -al, -ive | hope hopeful, wash washable (fuld liste: Descriptive Adjectives) |
| Verber | -ise/-ize, -ify, -en | modern modernise, simple simplify, short shorten |
| Adverbier | -ly | slow slowly, quick quickly |
Ordfamilier
En ordfamilie er den gruppe ord, der er bygget på samme rod, ét for hver ordklasse:
| Substantiv | Verbum | Adjektiv | Adverbium |
|---|---|---|---|
| beauty | beautify | beautiful | beautifully |
| decision | decide | decisive | decisively |
| creation | create | creative / created | creatively |
| happiness | - | happy | happily |
| success | succeed | successful | successfully |
| education | educate | educational / educated | educationally |
Øvelser
happy ___
sad ___ (navneord af tillægsord)
act ___ (navneord om en person)
Which pattern does 'email (noun) to email (verb)' show?
re- + write = ___ (betyder 'igen')
dis- + agree = ___
mis- + understand = ___
inter- + national = ___
anti- + social = ___ (betyder 'imod')
develop ___ (navneord af verbum)
real ___ (verbum af tillægsord)
wash ___
Which pattern does 'sun + light sunlight' show?
Which word family set is correctly ordered noun/verb/adjective/adverb?
Prefixes typically change a word's ___, while suffixes often change its ___.
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