はじめに
The present perfect talks about past actions connected to the present: things you have done, things that have just happened, and events in a time period that isn't over.
haber (present)+past participle
| subject | haber | example |
|---|---|---|
| yo | he | he comido |
| tú | has | has comido |
| él, ella, usted | ha | ha comido |
| nosotros | hemos | hemos comido |
| vosotros | habéis | habéis comido |
| ellos, ustedes | han | han comido |
Forming the Past Participle
-Ar verbs take -ado. -Er and -ir verbs take -ido. The participle never changes after haber.
- hablar hablado
- comer comido
- vivir vivido
- leer leídoaccent after a vowel
| infinitive | irregular participle |
|---|---|
| hacer | hecho |
| decir | dicho |
| ver | visto |
| escribir | escrito |
| poner | puesto |
| volver | vuelto |
| abrir | abierto |
| romper | roto |
| morir | muerto |
- He hacido la cena.He hecho la cena.
- Ella ha comida.Ella ha comido.
Uses
- Ya he comido.I've already eaten.
- Nunca he estado en Japón.I've never been to Japan.
- Esta semana hemos trabajado mucho.We've worked a lot this week.
- ¿Has visto mis llaves?Have you seen my keys?
Spain and Latin America
In Spain, the present perfect is also used for anything that happened earlier today. Most of Latin America uses the preterite for these, and keeps the present perfect for experiences.
- Hoy he desayunado tarde.Spain: I had breakfast late today.
- Hoy desayuné tarde.Latin America: same meaning.
練習問題
Yo ___ visitado Madrid dos veces.
¿___ terminado vosotros?
The past participle of hacer is ___.
The past participle of vivir is ___.
¿Has ___ (ver) la película?
Hemos ___ (escribir) una carta.
Ella ha ___ (volver) a casa.
Which sentence is correct?
Nunca ___ en Japón. (I've never been)
Where is the present perfect used for things that happened earlier today?
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