Regelmæssige verber
Regelmæssige verber følger et forudsigeligt mønster i simpel datid og kort tillægsform: tilføj -ed til grundformen. De fleste engelske verber er regelmæssige, så de er nemmere at lære, når du kender reglen.
grundform+-ed simpel datid / kort tillægsform
- walk walked walked
- talk talked talked
- finish finished finished
| Grundform | Past Simple | Perfektum participium |
|---|---|---|
| call | called | called |
| help | helped | helped |
| open | opened | opened |
| decide | decided | decided |
| stop | stopped | stopped |
Staveregler for -ed
Det er ikke altid ligetil at tilføje -ed – stavningen af grundformen påvirker, hvordan -ed tilføjes.
| Regel | Eksempel |
|---|---|
| De fleste verber: tilføj -ed | walk walked, call called |
| Verbet ender på -e: tilføj kun -d | love loved, dance danced |
| Verbet ender på konsonant + y: ændr y ied | try tried, study studied |
| Verbet ender på vokal + y: tilføj -ed | play played, enjoy enjoyed |
| Kort verbum (KVK): fordobl sidste konsonant | stop stopped, plan planned |
- She studyed all night.She studied all night.
- He stoped the car.He stopped the car.
Udtale af -ed
Endelsen -ed udtales på tre forskellige måder afhængigt af grundformens sidste lyd.
| Udtale | Hvornår | Eksempler |
|---|---|---|
| /t/ | Efter ustemte konsonantlyde: /f/, /k/, /p/, /s/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/ (som i laugh, cook, stop, kiss, wish, watch) | laughed, cooked, stopped, kissed |
| /d/ | Efter stemte konsonanter og vokaler | called, played, loved, rained |
| /ɪd/ | Efter -t- eller -d-lyde | wanted, needed, visited, decided |
Uregelmæssige verber
Uregelmæssige verber følger not (ikke) det almindelige -ed-mønster. Deres former i simpel datid og kort tillægsform skal læres udenad én for én. Engelsk har omkring 200 almindelige uregelmæssige verber.
| Grundform | Past Simple | Perfektum participium |
|---|---|---|
| be | was/were | been |
| go | went | gone |
| have | had | had |
| do | did | done |
| say | said | said |
| get | got | got/gotten |
| make | made | made |
| come | came | come |
| take | took | taken |
| know | knew | known |
- Rosa went to the market on Saturday.
- I had breakfast at 8am.
- They made a cake.
Mønstre blandt uregelmæssige verber
Uregelmæssige verber er ikke helt tilfældige. Mange hører til små familier, der ændrer sig på samme måde, så lær dem i grupper.
| Mønster | Eksempler |
|---|---|
| Alle tre former ens | cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, let-let-let |
| Past simple = perfektum participium | buy-bought-bought, find-found-found |
| Alle tre former forskellige | drink-drank-drunk, ring-rang-rung |
| Vokalskifte (i a u) | sing-sang-sung, begin-began-begun |
| Perfektum participium ender på -n eller -en | eat-ate-eaten, write-wrote-written |
De mest almindelige uregelmæssige verber
Begynd med disse. De dukker op i næsten enhver samtale.
| Grundform | Past Simple | Perfektum participium |
|---|---|---|
| bring | brought | brought |
| buy | bought | bought |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| give | gave | given |
| leave | left | left |
| read | read | read |
| see | saw | seen |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| think | thought | thought |
Øvelser
study ___
Which verb's -ed ending is pronounced /ɪd/?
go ___ (kort tillægsform)
Which pattern does 'sing-sang-sung' follow?
call ___
try ___
play ___
plan ___
Which verb's -ed ending is pronounced /t/?
have ___ (kort tillægsform)
do ___ (simpel datid)
'buy-bought-bought' follows which pattern?
eat ate ___
Which verb has all three forms identical?
How is 'read' pronounced in the past simple ('I read it yesterday')?
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