Conjunction Changes: y to e, o to u

Spanish · Conjunctions

Introduction

Y (and) becomes e before a word that starts with the sound i (i- or hi-). O (or) becomes u before a word that starts with the sound o (o- or ho-).

ruleexample
y e before i-, hi-padre e hijo, español e inglés
o u before o-, ho-siete u ocho, mujer u hombre
  • Estudio geografía e historia.I study geography and history.
  • ¿Es ayer u hoy?Is it yesterday or today?

Exceptions

Y stays y before hie- and hia-, because those start with a y sound, not an i sound.

  • agua y hielowater and ice
  • cobre y hierrocopper and iron
The change depends on sound, not spelling. Before a number, o is written between figures without an accent: 3 o 4.

Practice

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