Dannelse af spørgsmål - engelsk-grammatik

Introduktion

Spørgsmål på engelsk dannes ved at bytte om på grundled og hjælpeverbum eller ved at bruge hjælpeverbet do/does/did i de simple tider. Der er fire hovedtyper af spørgsmål: ja/nej-spørgsmål, wh-spørgsmål, tag questions (påhængsspørgsmål) og indirekte spørgsmål.

Type	Struktur	Eksempel
Ja/nej-spørgsmål	Hjælpeverbum + subjekt + hovedverbum	Are you coming?
Hv-spørgsmål	Spørgeord + hjælpeverbum + subjekt + verbum	Where do you live?
Halespørgsmål	Udsagn + kort halespørgsmål	She is nice, isn't she?
Indirekte spørgsmål	Hovedsætning + spørgeord + subjekt + verbum	I wonder where he lives.

Ja/nej- og wh-spørgsmål

I de fleste spørgsmål bytter grundled og hjælpeverbum plads. Hvis der ikke er noget hjælpeverbum i udsagnet, tilføjes do/does (nutid) eller did (datid). Be er anderledes: Når det er hovedverbum, bytter det selv plads, uden do (They were late Were they late?).

UdsagnShe works here. Spørgsmål: Does she work here?

UdsagnThey were late. Spørgsmål: Were they late?

Have you finished?
Did she call?
What did you do?
Where is he going?

Where you are going?Where are you going?inversion needed
She did called?Did she call?use base form after did

Spørgsmål til grundleddet: Når who eller what er verbets grundled, er der ingen omvendt ordstilling og intet do. Who called you? (ikke Who did call you?) / What happened? (ikke What did happen?). Sammenlign med et spørgsmål til genstandsleddet: Who did you call?

Tag questions

Tag questions er korte spørgsmål i slutningen af et udsagn, der søger bekræftelse. Et bekræftende udsagn får et nægtende tag; et nægtende udsagn får et bekræftende tag.

Bekræftende udsagn+nægtende tag She is nice, isn't she?

Nægtende udsagn+bekræftende tag He didn't come, did he?

It's cold today, isn't it?
You don't like fish, do you?
They've finished, haven't they?
She can't drive, can she?

Tagget bruger altid samme hjælpeverbum som i hovedsætningen. Er der intet hjælpeverbum, så brug do/does/did: She works hard, doesn't she?

Almindelige undtagelser: I am får aren't I (I'm right, aren't I? – ikke amn't I). Let's får shall we (Let's go, shall we?). Bydeform får ofte will you (Close the door, will you?).

Indirekte spørgsmål

Indirekte (indlejrede) spørgsmål har almindelig ordstilling som i et udsagn – ingen omvendt ordstilling og intet hjælpeverbum do. De følger efter udtryk som: I wonder, Do you know, Could you tell me.

DirekteWhere does she live? Indirekte: I wonder where she lives.

Direct: What time is it? Indirect: Could you tell me what time it is?
Direct: Did he leave? Indirect: I don't know whether he left.

I wonder where does she live.I wonder where she lives.no inversion
Do you know what time is it?Do you know what time it is?

Øvelser

Which sentence is correctly formed?
It's cold today, ___?
She works hard, ___?
Direct: What time is it? Indirect: Could you tell me ___?
___ called you last night?
Which is a wh- question?
I'm right, ___?
'I wonder where he lives.' What type of question is this?
Statement: They were late. Question: ___
Where ___ they work?
They've finished, ___?
She can't drive, ___?
'I don't know whether he left.' What type of question is embedded here?
Tag questions use the same auxiliary as the main clause. If there's no auxiliary, use ___.

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Ord der følger denne regel

what where when why how who whom whose which

Introduktion

Ja/nej- og wh-spørgsmål

Tag questions

Indirekte spørgsmål

Øvelser

Ord der følger denne regel

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