Introduzione
Il present perfect collega il passato (past) al presente (present). Si usa quando un'azione passata ha un risultato, una rilevanza o un collegamento con il momento attuale. Si forma con have/has + il participio passato.
Soggetto+have/has+participio passato
- I have lost my keys.
- My aunt has lived in five countries.
- We have just finished dinner.
| Soggetto | Forma |
|---|---|
| I / You / We / They | have + participio passato |
| He / She / It | has + participio passato |
Usi del present perfect
Il present perfect si usa in quattro situazioni principali, spesso segnalate da specifiche espressioni di tempo.
| Uso | Indicatori temporali | Esempio |
|---|---|---|
| Azione recente con risultato presente | just, recently | She has just arrived. |
| Esperienza di vita (ever/never) | ever, never, before | Have you ever been to Japan? |
| Periodo di tempo non concluso | today, this week, this year | I have met him twice this week. |
| Durata fino a ora | for, since | He has worked here for five years. |
Present perfect e past simple
Fatti una sola domanda: l'azione passata è collegata al presente? Se è conclusa e legata a un momento del passato, usa il past simple. Se conta adesso, usa il present perfect.
| Past Simple (scollegato) | Present Perfect (collegato al presente) |
|---|---|
| I saw that film in 2019. | I have seen that film. (esperienza) |
| She lived in Rome for a year. | She has lived in Rome for a year. (ci vive ancora) |
| He left an hour ago. | He has just left. (molto recente) |
For e since
For indica una durata (duration) di tempo. Since indica il punto di partenza (starting point) di un periodo che continua fino al presente.
have/has+participio passato+for+durata
have/has+participio passato+since+punto di partenza
- I have lived here for ten years.
- I have lived here since 2014.
- Ines has worked at the bakery for six months.
- Ines has worked at the bakery since January.
- I have lived here since ten years.for ten years.
- She has been ill for Monday.since Monday.
Esercizi
I ___ my keys. (ora non le ho)
Have you ___ been to Japan?
Which sentence correctly uses a specific past time expression?
I have lived here ___ ten years.
She ___ in five countries.
We ___ just finished dinner.
I ___ met him twice this week.
He ___ worked here for five years.
She has never ___ octopus before.
I have lived here ___ 2014.
She has been ill ___ Monday.
Which sentence correctly connects the past to the present?
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