Introduktion
Førnutid forbinder fortiden (past) med nutiden (present). Den bruges, når en fortidig handling har et resultat, en relevans eller en forbindelse til nuet. Den dannes med have/has + kort tillægsform.
Grundled+have/has+kort tillægsform
- I have lost my keys.
- My aunt has lived in five countries.
- We have just finished dinner.
| Subjekt | Form |
|---|---|
| I / You / We / They | have + perfektum participium |
| He / She / It | has + perfektum participium |
Anvendelser af førnutid
Førnutid bruges i fire hovedsituationer, som ofte signaleres af bestemte tidsord.
| Brug | Signalord | Eksempel |
|---|---|---|
| Nylig handling med resultat nu | just, recently | She has just arrived. |
| Livserfaring (ever/never) | ever, never, before | Have you ever been to Japan? |
| Uafsluttet tidsrum | today, this week, this year | I have met him twice this week. |
| Varighed indtil nu | for, since | He has worked here for five years. |
Førnutid og simpel datid
Stil dig selv ét spørgsmål: Har den fortidige handling forbindelse til nu? Hvis den er afsluttet og knyttet til et tidspunkt i fortiden, så brug simpel datid. Hvis den har betydning nu, så brug førnutid.
| Past Simple (uden forbindelse til nu) | Present Perfect (forbundet med nu) |
|---|---|
| I saw that film in 2019. | I have seen that film. (erfaring) |
| She lived in Rome for a year. | She has lived in Rome for a year. (bor der stadig) |
| He left an hour ago. | He has just left. (helt nyligt) |
For og since
For angiver en tidsmæssig varighed (duration). Since angiver startpunktet (starting point) for en periode, der varer ved indtil nu.
have/has+kort tillægsform+for+varighed
have/has+kort tillægsform+since+startpunkt
- I have lived here for ten years.
- I have lived here since 2014.
- Ines has worked at the bakery for six months.
- Ines has worked at the bakery since January.
- I have lived here since ten years.for ten years.
- She has been ill for Monday.since Monday.
Øvelser
I ___ my keys. (jeg har dem ikke nu)
Have you ___ been to Japan?
Which sentence correctly uses a specific past time expression?
I have lived here ___ ten years.
She ___ in five countries.
We ___ just finished dinner.
I ___ met him twice this week.
He ___ worked here for five years.
She has never ___ octopus before.
I have lived here ___ 2014.
She has been ill ___ Monday.
Which sentence correctly connects the past to the present?
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