Úvod
Předminulý průběhový čas popisuje děj, který probíhal po určitou dobu před (in progress over a period of time before) jinou minulou událostí. Zdůrazňuje trvání činnosti, která vedla k určitému minulému okamžiku.
Podmět+had been+sloveso-ing
- The nurse had been working for twelve hours when she finally sat down.
- He was exhausted because he had been running.
- When I arrived, they had been waiting for an hour.
Použití a kontext
Předminulý průběhový čas použijte k vysvětlení, proč něco v minulosti platilo, nebo ke zdůraznění, že činnost probíhala před určitým minulým okamžikem.
| Použití | Příklad |
|---|---|
| Trvání před minulou událostí | He had been studying for years before he passed. |
| Příčina minulé situace | Her eyes were red - she had been crying. |
| Probíhající děj, který byl přerušen | They had been watching TV for two hours when the power went out. |
Předminulý vs. předminulý průběhový čas
Rozdíl odpovídá rozdílu mezi předpřítomným a předpřítomným průběhovým časem: dokončení vs. trvání.
| Past Perfect (dokončený děj) | Past Perfect Continuous (trvání/probíhající děj) |
|---|---|
| She had written three emails. (dokončeno) | She had been writing emails all morning. (činnost) |
| He had eaten dinner. (hotovo) | He had been eating for an hour when I called. (činnost vedoucí k okamžiku v minulosti) |
| They had lived in Spain for years. (fakt) | They had been living in Spain for years. (zdůrazňuje trvání) |
Cvičení
She ___ for twelve hours when she finally stopped.
Her eyes were red - she ___ crying.
Which sentence emphasises an ongoing activity interrupted by another past event?
'She had written three emails' focuses on ___, while 'She had been writing emails all morning' focuses on ___.
He was exhausted because he ___ running.
When I arrived, they ___ waiting for an hour.
'Her eyes were red - she had been crying.' What does 'had been crying' explain?
He had eaten dinner. vs He ___ eating for an hour when I called.
They had lived in Spain for years. vs They ___ living in Spain for years.
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